Interlanguage is usefully viewed as a transitional linguistic system at all levels. Learners interlanguage can also be described by observing how learners change their language depending on the occasion. Planning and interlanguage variation graham crookes university ofhawaii,manoa having focused previously on attention, cognitively oriented investigations of interlanguage variation and development are turning toward other possible explanatory variabies, such as pianning. It can be described in terms of evolving linguistic patterns and norms, and explained. The results of this technical report are divided into 4 sections. Understanding variability in the cost of a standard. The second paper, called interlanguage, builds on this work in discussing the structured nature of interlanguage and autonomous material found in interlanguage that is in neither the native nor the target language. What distinguishes these studies from others is the idiodynamic approach they adopt. Pdf on the variability of interlanguage systems elaine tarone. This is a brief overview of interlanguage for the reader to understand the main points. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. This paper examines the way in which, three different paradigms for the study of interlanguage handle the phenomenon of variability in interlanguage systems.
Correspondingly, there is plenty of observational evidence that chinese learners have. Fossilization stages of interlanguage development the linguistic system is not a. Readers are encouraged to study more in depth to gain a full appreciation of the history, development, and implementation of this theory as it contains an extreme amount of complex information. This is interlanguage the language is between two, but cant be classified as either one. Variability is observed when comparing the utterances of the learner in conversation to formfocused tasks, such as memorybased oral drills in a classroom. Interlanguage features of learners of english as a second language variability of interlanguage was taskrelated in that the performance of l2 learners on a certain task e. The center for advanced research on language acquisition carla. Variability in interlanguage nonsystematic variability interlanguage is also characterized by nonsystematic variability, which is of two types. Such a process results in a linguistic system known as interlanguage selinker, 1972, which, to varying degrees, approximates that of the target language tl.
Implications for the classroom the interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind makes its own generalizations upon grappling with a new language, argues that the errors that a learner makes in the rules of the. Maam mehwish slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Second language acquisition and sociolinguistic variation. Characteristics of learners interlanguage free download as powerpoint presentation. Implication for teaching phonology in a sl classroom. Uvadare digital academic repository a cognitive view on. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Variability in tense marking a prominent characteristic of interlanguage in english l2 acquisition is the lack of tense marking. Introduction in this chapter, i first examine tarones sociolinguistic approach to the study of interlanguage il variability. New evidence from the acquisition of gender and number in italian determiner phrases and direct object pronouns introduction the acquisition of morphology in interlanguage settings has been the object of a systematic analysis in recent years. Morphological variability in interlanguage grammars. Gla interlanguage l2 and foreign language acquisition. Interlanguage is the learners current version of the language they are learning.
Interlanguage variation and transfer of learning eric. Interlanguage changes all the time but can become fossilised language when the learners do not have the opportunity to improve. Pdf this paper examines the way in which, three different paradigms for the study of interlanguage handle the phenomenon of variability in. This study examines style shifting in the use of three past tense morphemes regular past, irregular past, and past copula by 17 intermediate l2 learners of english.
The study of interlanguage what conceptual objective. Proceedings of the 1999 second language research forum 3154. The first studies into nonnative speakers nns perception and performance of speech acts appeared ten years ago, both in north america e. This knowledge base will be based on researchgrounded theories of second language acquisition. Sources of variability in interlanguage applied linguistics oxford. Variability in the use of the english article system by chinese learners of english daniel robertsonuniversity of leicester it is well known that the chinese language does not have functional equivalents of the english definite and indefinite article. Interlanguage in context chapter 9 free download as powerpoint presentation. Sources of variability in interlanguage, applied linguistics, volume 6, issue 2, 1 january 1985. The concept of interlanguage is closely related to other types of language, especially creoles and pidgins. The person is in between the two celestial bodies, but not a part of either one. The relation between word processing strategy and the orthographic structure of a written language was explored in the present study. Jul 15, 2019 interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreignlanguage learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Selinkers interlanguage theory by erin tillman on prezi.
In interlanguage analysis, you can look at the same learner language but now you ask what system the learner might be using to produce the patterns you observe. It also refers to the series of languages that have been constructed over. A cognitive view on interlanguage variability jan h. Complex dynamic systems and interlanguage variability 58 responsibility kang, 2004. Variability in interlanguage by sara rifqi on prezi. Variability, both systematic and nonsystematic, has been the subject of much debate in recent years in the study of learner interlanguage. Although the study was all about interlanguage of the bisaya people in davao city, still we connected the first language to the english language because every speaker of a native language undergo an interlanguage continuum or the way that the language learners go through from the first to the second language. Each subject was asked to perform a modified stroop colornaming task in which the stimulus and the response language were either the same or. Oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford. Investigating topic, syntactic complexity, and accuracy in nsnns written interaction.
Interlanguage fossilization is a phenomenon of second language acquisition sla in which second language learners turn linguistic features that are correct in their first language into permanent errors in the way they speak and write the new language. Study of interlanguage variability studies of interlanguage variability have typically focused on the phenomena in which. Pdf variation in interlanguage speech act realization. The principle claim made is that learner speech varies systematically with elicitation task in terms of phonological, morphological, and syntactic structure tarone 1983, p. Variability in inter language psychological concepts psychology.
Interlanguage in context chapter 9 english language. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research. Variability is noticeable throughout the period of learning of a particular structure in french. I focus on tarones conception of the ver nacular style as the speech style in which the speaker l2 learner pays least attention to language form. An additional potentiallyuseful perspective that has, to this point, been virtually unused in il variation research and theory, is the cognitive psychology construct transfer of learning.
Previous studies of variation in interlanguage morphology have led to conflicting and contradictory claims concerning the relation between interlanguage forms and the contexts in which they occur. Three experiments were conducted using chineseenglish, spanishenglish, and japaneseenglish bilinguals, respectively. In this chapter, i first examine tarones sociolinguistic approach to the study of interlanguage il variability. Developmental issues in interlanguage pragmatics gabriele kasper and richard schmidt university of hawaii at manoa unlike other areas of second language study, which are primarily concerned with acquisitional patterns of interlanguage knowledge over time, most studies in interlanguage pragmatics have focused on sec.
The effect of expectation of compliance on the preferred request strategy. Pdf on the variability of interlanguage systems researchgate. Homogeneous competence capability continuum dual knowledge 1 what is being modeled homogeneous system of system consisting of dual system. Interlanguage variation and transfer of learning in. In the most clearly articulated work in this tradition to date, tarone 1979, 1982, 1983 posits speech style as the locus of variation in interlanguage il development. As lightbown and spada 2006 explain second language learners do not learn language simply through imitation and practice p.
On the variability of interlanguage systems article pdf available in applied linguistics 42. Pdf the influence of first language l1 hereinafter in the learning of second language l2 hereinafter has. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1. The present study reports on an experiment in which two groups of 20. I focus on tarones conception of the vernacular style as the speech style in which the speaker l2 learner pays least attention to language form. Teaching english language requires teachers to understand the different process or stages that the learners are going through to be able to help them. Elaine tarone during the acquisition of a second or other language speech and writing are influenced by the native and the target language and by the learners conscious attempts to apply grammatical rules.
Variability refers to cases where a second language learner uses two or more linguistic variants to express a phenomenon, which has only one realization in the target language. Variability in inter language free download as powerpoint presentation. Variability in interlanguage second language acquisition second. Language play, interlanguage variation and second language acquisition, in b. Selinker, 1972, interlanguage is metaphorically a halfway house between the first language l1 and the tl, hence inter. Model for interlanguage analysis here is a short version of the model. Characteristics of learners interlanguage second language. The third paper, the interlanguage hypothesis extended to children, reports on data. New evidence from the acquisition of gender and number in italian determiner phrases and direct object pronouns introduction.
The difference is mostly one of variability, as a learners interlanguage is spoken only by the learner and changes frequently as they become more proficient in the language. Explaining interlanguage variation zinterlanguage covaries with linguistic context. For this reason, interlanguage is thought of as a third language that is unique to the individual learner. Doing interlanguage analysis in school contexts gabriele pallotti university of modena and reggio emilia in second language acquisition sla research it is wellknown that interlanguages are autonomous and rulegoverned linguistic systems whose grammar cannot be described simply in terms of errors and deviations from l2 norms. Systematic and nonsystematic variability in advanced. Pdf variation in interlanguage morphology researchgate. The term interlanguage was coined by the american linguist, larry selinker, in recognition of the fact that l2 learners construct a linguistic system that draws, in part, on the learners l1 but is also from the language target a learners interlanguage is, therefore, a unique linguistic system. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Since then, a number of investigations into il speech act realization have been. In this introductory section, general concepts are explained and a highlevel overview of variability in the cshs indicator is presented. A cognitive view on interlanguage variability springerlink. Pdf on jan 1, 1991, richard young and others published variation in interlanguage morphology find, read and cite all the research you. Each of these languages has its own grammar and phonology.
Variability of the learners interlanguage is mostly systematic because learners change their linguistic forms based on a different linguistic or situational context. Overview on interlanguage center for advanced research on. In other words, they develop and retain their own, personal linguistic system that is selfcontained and different from both their first. Functional interpretations of variation in interlanguage morphology. Compared to other areas of second language research, interlanguage il pragmatics is still a young discipline. Interlanguage in context 5 explaining interlanguage variation zinterlanguage covaries with linguistic context. Studies adopting a complex dynamic systems theory framework have often fallen into one of two camps.
Variability in the use of the english article system by. This article presents empirical evidence from a longitudinal study of a small group of advanced learners of french. One branch of research in second language acquisition has investigated the ways a learners interlanguage il varies between tasks. Complex dynamic systems and interlanguage variability. Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreignlanguage learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Overview on interlanguage center for advanced research. Somewhat later, noyau elaborated the idea of interlanguage and described the task of the sla researcher as being to describe. Example a learner who has lived in an englishspeaking environment for many years but not attended classes or studied for some time. They should be encouraged to repeat correct forms, and, by careful selection and grading of material, possible mistakes should be minimised by the course. Theres a huge gap, but you want to get to the other side.
Study of interlanguage variability studies of interlanguage variability have typically focused on the phenomena in which second language learners vary. Crosscultural and situational variation in iranian and american speech communities. Introduction one phenomenon which must be accounted for by any theory of secondlanguage acquisition is the phenomenon of systematic variability in the. For selinker acquiring a second language is different from acquiring a first language, so there. Studies of interlanguage variability have typically focused on the. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research antonija saric josip juraj strossmayer university of osijek, faculty of food technology osijek, kuhaceva 18, 3 osijek, croatia abstract interlanguage, defined as a dynamic language system created by the second language learners, can be studied. It furthers the universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Interlanguage features of learners of english as a second. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research journals. Selinkers interlanguage theory selinkers interlanguage theory proposes that second language learners produce their own selfcontained system that falls somewhere between the l1 and the l2 systems.
In the past, interlanguage was studied by analysing errors a learner makes at a certain point in time. Il variation research has examined linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic constraints, and has revealed much about this phenomenon. Ppt variability in interlanguage gm zulfiquer haider. Paper presented to the second language research forum, variability and. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Interlanguage refers to the language a learner has constructed at a specific point in time, an interlanguage.
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